Advances in Research on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Long COVID-19
肺炎诊疗研究进展

摘要

自由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 爆发以来，已报告了数亿例病例。尽管 COVID-19 最初被认为是一种急性呼吸道疾病，但最近的证据表明，一系列复杂的临床表现和潜在的长期后遗症——例如持续疲劳、腹泻、呼吸困难、运动耐受性有限、内分泌异常、味觉和嗅觉功能障碍以及抑郁——可能影响所有 COVID-19 患者，无论病情严重程度如何。这些表现统称为长期 COVID，包括影响多个系统的 200 多种症状。长期 COVID 的发病机制仍不清楚，诊断通常依赖于无法归因于任何其他疾病的症状，以及血液检查和影像学检查。然而，目前的诊断和治疗方法还不够充分。一些相关药物已进入临床试验，基于症状的干预措施也已到位，但缺乏对长期 COVID 诊断和干预研究成果的有效整合。本文总结了当前长效COVID-19的诊疗策略，并提出了有效的治疗方法和相应的建议。

Abstract

Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hundreds of millions of cases have been reported. Although COVID-19 was initially considered an acute respiratory disease, recent evidence suggests that a complex array of clinical manifestations and potential long-term sequelae—such as persistent fatigue, diarrhea, dyspnea, limited exercise tolerance, endocrine abnormalities, taste and smell dysfunction, and depression—may affect all COVID-19 patients, regardless of disease severity. These manifestations, collectively referred to as Long COVID, encompass over 200 symptoms affecting multiple systems. The pathogenesis of Long COVID remains unclear, and diagnosis typically relies on symptoms not attributable to any other disease, alongside blood tests and imaging. However, current diagnostic and treatment approaches are inadequate. Some related drugs have entered clinical trials, and symptom-based interventions are in place, but there is a lack of effective integration of research findings on Long COVID diagnosis and interventions. This article summarizes the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for Long COVID, proposing effective remedies and corresponding recommendations.